Advances in Time-Resolved Microscopy

Understanding the spatiotemporal evolution of electronic excitations and charge carriers is fundamental to understanding the function of energy materials, which is determined by photophysical processes that span multiple time- and length scales. Such processes were traditionally investigated through time-resolved spectroscopy and structural characterization, revealing aspects of the dynamics and the spatial profile that were combined to infer the spatiotemporal behavior. Over the past decade, significant developments have been made to time-resolved microscopy techniques with new methods that can follow the evolution of excitations and charges in time, space, and energy, including transient absorption microscopy, two-dimensional electronic microscopy, and stroboscopic scattering microscopy. Several contributions are proposed to review these methods, the resultant insights, and the frontier of the remaining challenges and limitations.